Introduction
The purpose of this web site, at least in principle, is to facilitate meaningful dialogue between individuals who represent uniquely different world views, for the sake of the readers to compare and evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of views that compete in the marketplace of ideas. That being the case, it has been somewhat of a dereliction of my duties to not publish a response to Havard’s article “Not Why I Am an Atheist” and for that I apologize. My failure to submit a response was perhaps due in part to the very nature of his article, in that he was not actually making a case for atheism in any sense, nor demonstrating the strengths of the atheist position on some matter, nor critically evaluating some theistic position, and so forth. He was simply repudiating as personally irrelevant various reasons anecdotally given for why a person would be an atheist.
And I had thought that we must grant him that, for he would know why he repudiates one thing or another. But maybe not. Maybe each of these are points at which I can engage his position, if by no means other than a critical analysis of each to see if the repudiation sufficiently stands.
Atheist
Havard begins his piece with a look at what the term ‘atheist’ itself means, drawing upon an etymological defense. I do not contend with him on this point, as far as it goes—which, as I will contend, is not far enough. While it is true that the term is derived from the negating of the Greek theos, such that atheos means “without God” or godless, I very much doubt that his position is adequately characterized as the mere absence of theistic beliefs. And the reason I doubt this is almost too simple: Havard stands in conscious relation to the world on a daily basis, which is another way of saying that he has a world view by which he functions intellectually and practically. And this world view of his, which we may grant is atheistic, in fact is much more than a mere absence of belief that God exists.
Atheism, held to whatever degree of personal conviction and despite the Kool-Aid twaddle of many, is actually a positive belief that in every expression amounts to “God is not required.” For explaining things such as the origins of the universe, the nature and intelligibility of truth, the functional grounding of scientific enterprise, how we can know what it is we know, the nature and meaning of moral statements, the curious recognition and pursuit of meaning in life, etc.—under every category and in every respect, God is not required. Atheism is the positive belief that the human experience is intelligible without any reference to God.
So we should observe that Havard does indeed have a very particular connection to atheism, if he makes his stand with those who hold that the human experience and reality on the whole is intelligible without any reference to God. And so now consider: what we believe is not nearly as important as why we believe it. With respect to the question of what, the answer is atheism. But it is quickly followed by the question of why, to which the answer is not a vacuous absence of God-belief, but a very pregnant belief that God is not required to explain anything. This is the salient point of concern. As Nicholas Everitt noted in The Non-Existence of God: An Introduction (2004),
We need to distinguish between a biographical or sociological enquiry into why some people have believed or disbelieved in God, and an epistemological enquiry into whether there are any good reasons for either belief or unbelief … We are interested in the question of what good reasons there are for or against God’s existence, and no light is thrown on that question by discovering people who hold their beliefs without having good reasons for them.
So biographically Havard believes that God is not required to explain the intelligibility of the human experience, but that raises the epistemological question as to whether or not he has good reasons for that belief. Unfortunately, he did not get into this; but since it was not the point of his article in the first place, he cannot be faulted for it. However, it is hoped that this encourages him to perhaps write more on this point.
Rebellion
Here we find him arguing that rebellion against God is necessarily predicated on knowing there is a God, which is to say that rebellion means the obstinate refusal to acknowledge the existence of God. While that is somewhat true, I should like to point out that it is not very accurate. Rebellion is primarily a moral indictment, which regards one’s refusal to obey God and glorify him. Havard possesses both the intellectual capacity to understand what God commands and the physical ability to do so; his rebellion consists, then, of his refusal to do that which he has the physical and intellectual capacity to. (The nature of rebellion is made evident by other atheists who have stated quite frankly that, even if the existence of God were made conclusively evident to them, such that they would have to believe he exists by force of the evidence, they nevertheless would still refuse to obey or glorify him.)
Rebellion is not indicative of an epistemological condition, as Havard suggests, although that is surely symptomatic. Rather, it is a moral indictment and an empirically verifiable reality of the human condition as old as the narrative of Adam and Eve—which is to say that from across the millennia to this very day, mankind, in and of himself, still refuses to subject himself to the supreme authority of God. Even if the existence of God were made indisputably evident to him, fully satisfying whatever criteria he might posit, would obedience to God depend upon Havard’s own personal evaluation of his commands? If so, rebellion is further proved.
Incidentally, Havard does know that God exists. However, that is practically impossible for anyone to prove since no human has access to his inner thought life, by which one could say to him, “See? From this here and that over there, it is shown that you did actually know God exists.” But God himself faces no such obstacles. Every person who rejected God will stand before his throne on the day of judgment and have the entire scope of their inner thought life laid bare, making it impossible for them to sustain their denials. Every moment in which, and every means by which, they knew that God exists will be exposed and inescapable. They can get away with it before man, but they won’t before God. That is the eternal gamble they make of their lives.
Nihilism
Havard understands this charge to mean that “an atheist must necessarily be a nihilist,” which he then characterizes as “someone who thinks life is without meaning.” And he rejects this characterization as being not personally relevant because “I find lots of meaning in my personal life,” he says, which would suggest that he missed the apodictic force of the word ‘necessarily’, which underscores that self-consistent atheism must reduce to nihilism. An inconsistent atheist can avoid this peril easily enough—but at the expense of being inconsistent. If nihilism argues that life is without objective meaning, purpose, or intrinsic value, as Dr. Pratt describes (“Nihilism,” Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy), then surely this is the logical conclusion of atheism held with consistency in every category of thought, which can be seen in the reflections of such consistent atheists as Nietzsche, Sartre, and Rorty. And nihilism has a pernicious tendency to corrupt not just values but also epistemology and metaphysics; out the window goes truth, reason, knowledge, science, morals, etc.
Consider Havard’s statement that he finds lots of meaning in his personal life. This raises the question, “What is he expressing by the term ‘meaning’ here that is consistent with atheism?” Since he must view the world in godless terms, he is left having to explain the world in terms of something else. I suspect that it is metaphysical naturalism, which in turn must lead inexorably to a reductionist view of things. Given a reductionist view of metaphysical naturalism, what else could the term ‘meaning’ express but biographical information about some particular biochemical state of his mammalian brain? In other words, he actually does not find meaning in his personal life, because there is no meaning to be found; rather, he experiences a certain biochemical state of affairs when placed in particular circumstances. This is the logical conclusion of an atheistic world view described as nihilism.
As C.S. Lewis noted in Mere Christianity (1948), “If the universe has no meaning, then we never should have found out it had no meaning.” Unlike an atheistic world view, the Christian does find much meaning in life because ‘meaning’ has an objective quality, i.e., outside of the inquiring mind, which can be rightly found by him. For the world was created by a triune God who is personally invested in mankind, who he created as Imago Dei (in the image of God), and the world overall which is guided by his eternal sovereign plan. We find meaning because there is meaning to be found. That is the logical conclusion of the Christian world view when held with consistency, unlike an atheistic world view which leads to nihilism when held with consistency.
Joylessness
If someone were to ask Havard how he can bear living under the view that there is no objective purpose or intrinsic value to life—i.e., how he escapes the joylessness that haunts nihilism—he would evidently shrug his shoulders and disclaim “I just do.” In other words, he does not bother attempting to answer it. Although he seems lucid and clear about what he believes, he seems unconcerned about rationally confronting the inconsistencies thereof, almost as though he were complacent about them, a strange attitude for someone committed to logic and reason—which he has never claimed to be, but I have always assumed he is.
But again, under a consistent atheistic world view, ‘joyfulness’ like ‘meaning’ is nothing more than a given biochemical state of a mammalian brain when placed in particular circumstances, incapable of being viewed as having any objective quality or intrinsic value—the very tenets of nihilism. Joy is not something that can be found, for biochemical states are predicated of mammalian brains, not circumstances of environment. Since neurological terms cannot describe circumstances, it is inconsistent to describe joy as something to be found.
Look, I know this seems like mere semantics but it is actually something far more important. Atheists routinely express their human experience of the world in terms that betray the truth they inherently know. Like Havard does, they speak in terms expressing intrinsic values and objective truths, not because of their atheistic world view but despite it. Their world view does not, and indeed cannot, produce the intellectual currency that they routinely use; in other words, it is coming from elsewhere, a curious fact never examined. Even worse, when their world view is evaluated critically and honestly, it collapses under the weight of its own terms into unintelligible nihilism. Consider as an example the highly touted Problem of Evil argument: under an atheistic world view, the problem cannot even be expressed! They must borrow intellectual currency from the Christian world view—in that case, moral terms—to even formulate an argument against it, which is a brutal self-defeat that speaks volumes.
Yet these things get deliberately obscured by evasive tactics, if they are even examined at all. And after it gets swept under the rug, they go back to espousing logic and reason and hope no one noticed—which those of like mind are only too ready to pretend they didn’t notice. But for the person who is authentically and honestly rational and committed to sound reason, these curiosities are like a splinter in the mind that cannot go unexamined; they must be explored and evaluated, with a decision to make once the logical conclusions are reached—the mark of the truly rational skeptic.
Arrogance
This one is more properly characterized as the fallacious argumentum ad ignorantiam (which might be what Havard was fishing for when attempting to describe it)—i.e., drawing a conclusion from an argument that does not support it. And this does not accurately characterize his position at any rate because, as he noted, he neither does nor ever has claimed that God does not exist. “I simply don’t believe in Him,” he says—about which I would direct one’s attention back to the ‘Atheist’ heading near the beginning of this present article.
But then he says something I find interesting: “I would hate to waste my precious time in worship of something which, it might turn out, doesn’t exist.” I should like to understand how it would be a “waste of time” any different from, say, playing video games or reading a book (which I know Havard rather enjoys). Perhaps he might argue that such things are not a waste of time because they are something he enjoys doing. While I will not argue the value system at work in such a statement—although an important argument could be had—I will suggest that worshipping God might likewise fall under the category of things one enjoys doing, and so therefore would not be a waste of time any more than those other activities that have the same qualitative state. If he does not hate wasting his precious time playing a video game or reading a good book, why would he hate wasting his time worshipping God? It does not add up, on the face of it.
And finally, he says that probability indicates God as non-existent, a conclusion he asserts without any indication of how it was reached. I would really like to examine the factors involved in determining that probability, subjecting the argument to a critical analysis and observing whether or not it produces what Havard believes it does.
Conclusion
First, while it is true that Havard’s world view is “without God” or godless, his atheism is much more than the mere absence of theistic beliefs; it is a positive belief that the human experience is intelligible without any reference to God. Second, the sense in which he is living in rebellion against God is not an epistemic indictment but a moral one, and can be positively attested with a frank admission of his relationship to God’s commands. Third, he can reject the tenets of nihilism only by being inconsistent in his atheism. Fourth, although he may not realize it himself, under a consistent atheism joylessness is a term that only describes a certain biochemical state of a mammalian brain placed in particular circumstances and has zero intrinsic value. Fifth, while he realizes the intellectual folly of claiming that God does not exist, he affirms the non-existence thereof in probabilistic terms without any argument that can be analyzed to see whether it actually follows validly or not.
And finally, not one of these criticisms finds a home in a self-consistent Christian world view.